King Charles has given a major speech at the opening of parliament in Canada in which he sought to define its place in an uncertain world and its relationship with the US.
The address in Ottawa laid out priorities for new Prime Minister Mark Carney, whose Liberals won the country's general election in April - a campaign that was dominated by US President Donald Trump's threats to Canada's independence.
Charles said relationships with partners, including the US, were changing, and he stressed the sovereignty of both nations.
Here are five takeaways from Tuesday's address, which was the first time a monarch has delivered the throne speech opening parliament in almost 50 years.
Carney's invitation to King Charles, who is Canada's ceremonial head of state, was in part a message to Trump, who has made repeated remarks undermining its sovereignty.
Tensions with Canada's neighbour were a theme throughout, though the US president was never mentioned by name.
The speech opened with a wave of patriotism as a trade war with the US, Canada's largest economic partner, looms. The King spoke of the "pleasure and pride" of being in the country "as we witness Canadians coming together in a renewed sense of national pride, unity, and hope".